Mutations Flashcards

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What is a mutation?

A random change in the DNA base sequence.

They can happen when DNA is copied before cell division or after DNA is damaged.

Substitution, insertion, and deletion.

An insertion or deletion that shifts how triplets are read, often changing many amino acids.

It can change the amino acid sequence and the protein’s shape and job, or sometimes have no effect.

It can change whether a gene is switched on or off, so more or less protein is made.

No. Most are neutral, some are harmful, and a few can be beneficial.

A factor that increases the rate of mutation.

Ionising radiation (X-rays, gamma rays) and chemicals in tobacco smoke.

They can affect genes that control cell division, so cells divide out of control and form tumours.

Yes, if they occur in gametes (sperm or eggs). Mutations in body cells are not passed on.

A different version of a gene made by a mutation.