Sexual Reproduction Flashcards

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What is sexual reproduction?

Sexual reproduction is when male and female gametes fuse to form a zygote. Offspring are genetically different.

What is a gamete?

A gamete is a sex cell with one set of chromosomes. It is used for reproduction.

What is fertilisation?

Fertilisation is when the nuclei of two gametes join. This forms a zygote.

What is a zygote?

A zygote is a fertilised egg cell with a full set of chromosomes. It divides to form an embryo.

Which type of cell division makes gametes for sexual reproduction?

Meiosis. It halves the chromosome number to make haploid cells.

How many chromosomes are in a human gamete and a human body cell?

Human gametes have 23 chromosomes. Human body cells have 46 chromosomes.

What do haploid and diploid mean?

Haploid means one set of chromosomes. Diploid means two sets of chromosomes.

How does fertilisation restore the full chromosome number?

A haploid sperm and a haploid egg join. Their chromosomes combine to make a diploid zygote.

Why does sexual reproduction create genetic variation in offspring?

Each gamete has a different mix of genes. Mixing genes from two parents creates genetic variation.

Name the male and female gametes in animals and in flowering plants.

Animals: sperm (male) and egg cell or ovum (female). Plants: male gametes are in pollen; the female egg cell is in the ovule.

State one advantage of sexual reproduction.

It creates genetic variation. This can help a species adapt to change.

State one disadvantage of sexual reproduction.

It needs two parents or finding a mate. It is slower and uses more energy.