The Human Genome Project Flashcards

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What is the Human Genome Project?

A global project to read (sequence) all the DNA in humans — the whole genome.

When did the Human Genome Project start and finish?

It began in 1990 and a complete human DNA sequence was announced in 2003.

What does the term genome mean?

All the DNA in an organism, including all its genes and non-coding DNA.

What were the main aims of the Human Genome Project?

To find the order of all base pairs and to identify and map all human genes.

About how many base pairs and genes are in the human genome?

About 3 billion base pairs and around 20,000 genes.

How does the Human Genome Project help doctors find disease genes?

It lets them compare DNA to the standard human sequence (reference genome) and spot differences linked to disease.

How can the Human Genome Project improve diagnosis and screening?

It allows tests to check for known faulty alleles that cause inherited disorders.

How can the Human Genome Project help develop new medicines?

By showing gene targets and body processes, so drugs can be designed to act on them.

What is personalised medicine and how is it linked to the Human Genome Project?

It means choosing treatments based on a person’s genes; the HGP provides the gene data to do this.

What are two ethical issues raised by the Human Genome Project?

Keeping DNA data private and avoiding discrimination by insurers or employers.