Enzyme Denaturation Flashcards

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What does enzyme denaturation mean?

It means the enzyme changes shape. The active site no longer fits the substrate, so it stops working.

What two main factors can denature enzymes?

High temperature and extreme pH (very acidic or very alkaline).

Why does high temperature cause denaturation?

Heat breaks bonds that hold the enzyme's shape. The active site changes.

Is denaturation by heat reversible if you cool the enzyme?

No. Cooling does not fix the shape. The enzyme stays inactive.

What happens to enzyme activity when temperature rises above the optimum?

It drops quickly because enzymes start to denature.

How can extreme pH cause denaturation?

Very low or high pH changes the bonds in the enzyme. The active site loses its shape.

Does low temperature denature enzymes?

No. Low temperature only slows the reaction. The enzyme keeps its shape.

What happens to the active site during denaturation?

Its shape changes. It is no longer the right shape to fit the substrate.

What happens to most human enzymes at temperatures much higher than 37°C?

They start to denature. Their activity falls as the active site changes shape.

How can you prevent denaturation in an enzyme experiment?

Keep temperature controlled and use a pH buffer solution. Avoid extremes of heat and pH.