The Universe and Objects Found in Space

The Universe includes all of space and all the matter and energy in space. For example, the universe contains stars, planets, satellites and billions of galaxies.

The universe is continually expanding, which means that it’s getting bigger over time. Let’s look at some examples of what we can find in the universe.

Galaxies

A galaxy is a massive collection of gas, dust and stars, which are all held together by gravity. Our galaxy is called the Milky Way. However, there are billions of galaxies in the universe.

  • Our Milky Way galaxy contains billions of stars.

A constellation is a group of stars that make particular patterns in the sky.

In space:

  • The distance between galaxies is millions of times more than the distance between the stars in the galaxy
  • The distance between stars is millions of times more than the distance between the planets within the solar system

A light year is a unit of astronomical distance used to help us describe distance in space. So, the distance that light travels in one year is a light year.

Objects Found in Space

There are many objects, other than planets, that we can find in space.

Asteroids

In the solar system, there are objects called asteroids which orbit the Sun in an elliptical orbit. Asteroids are mostly made of rock and metal and they are typically found in the asteroid belt. Although they vary in size, they are much smaller than planets.

When asteroids collide with each other in space, small pieces can break off. We call these pieces meteoroids and they can vary in size. If a meteoroid breaches the Earth’s atmosphere, they become meteors.

Meteors

Satellites are objects that surround and orbit planets. They can either be natural or artificial. The Earth has a natural satellite, which is the Moon.

Meteors can be seen in the sky as shooting stars. They rarely ever hit the Earth’s surface. But if they do, then we call them meteorites.

Comets

A comet is a ball of dust and ice that orbits the Sun.

The orbits of comets are different to the orbit of planets. Comets have a highly elliptical orbit. When a comet gets near the Sun, it vaporises (turns to gas), which gives the comet its distinctive tail.

Satellites

Satellites are objects that surround and orbit planets. They can either be natural or artificial. The Earth has a natural satellite, which is the Moon.

The Moon

The Moon is a natural satellite, which we can see in the night sky. It makes a complete orbit of the Earth every 27 days.

Earth is not the only planet with a moon, other planets have moons too. For example, Uranus has over 25 moons.

Artificial satellites

Satellites that humans launch into space are called artificial satellites. There are thousands of artificial satellites. For example, the international space station and communication satellites.