Uses of Nanoparticles

Uses of Nanoparticles

Nanoparticles are particles with a size ranging from 1 to 100 nanometers, and they have unique properties that differ from those of larger particles. Their small size and high surface area to volume ratio make them useful in various applications, including:

  • Catalysts
  • Drug delivery
  • Sunscreens

Catalysts

Nanoparticles are great as catalysts due to their high surface area to volume ratio. This means that even a small amount of nanoparticles can have a large surface area, making them more efficient at speeding up chemical reactions. This property reduces the amount of material required, compared to traditional catalysts.

Using Fullerenes

Fullerenes are a type of nanoparticle that scientists are researching for use in drug delivery. Because they are small, they can be used to deliver drugs directly to cells. Also, some fullerenes can conduct electricity, making them useful in the creation of small electrical circuits.

Sunscreen

Nanoparticles, such as titanium dioxide, are useful in sunscreens as they are more effective at protecting our skin from harmful UV rays.

Titanium oxide has different properties in bulk form and nanoparticle form. In bulk form, it is white and is a pigment in white paint. However, in nanoparticle form, it is colourless and not visible on the skin, making it a preferred ingredient in sunscreens.

  • Nanoparticles also provide sunscreens with better skin coverage

Advantages and Disadvantages of Nanoparticles

Advantages

  • Advances in disease treatments – Nanoparticles have been used to create new and innovative treatments for various diseases, such as cancer and cardiovascular disease. They can be used as drug-delivery systems to target specific cells or tissues.
  • More lightweight and durable materials – Nanoparticles have been used to create lighter and stronger materials for various applications, including aerospace and construction. These materials offer improved performance and durability, making them more useful for various applications.

Disadvantages

  • Health Concerns – There are concerns that nanoparticles may be harmful to our health due to their small size. This allows them to penetrate the body through the lungs, skin, and digestive system. Once they are inside the body, they can catalyse harmful reactions and bind to toxic substances.
  • Lack of Understanding – Modern nanoparticulate materials are still relatively new, and we do not fully understand the long-term effects on human health. More research is needed to determine their potential impact on the environment and human health.