Non-Specific Defences Flashcards

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What is meant by a non-specific defence in the body?

A non-specific defence is a way the body stops many different pathogens. It does not target just one specific type of microbe.

The skin forms a tough, unbroken barrier that stops pathogens getting into the body. If it stays whole, most microbes cannot pass through it.

A scab quickly forms over a cut and seals the skin. This stops pathogens entering while the skin underneath heals.

Nose hairs and sticky mucus trap dust and pathogens in the nose. This stops many microbes reaching the lungs.

Cells make sticky mucus that traps pathogens. Tiny hairs called cilia move the mucus up to the throat, where it is swallowed.

The stomach makes hydrochloric acid. This acid kills many pathogens that are swallowed in food or mucus.

A physical barrier is a solid structure that blocks pathogens from entering. An example is the skin or the hairs in the nose.

A chemical barrier uses substances to kill or damage pathogens. An example is stomach acid, which kills many bacteria.

They are always present and work all the time. They try to stop pathogens entering the body before an infection starts.

If these barriers are damaged, pathogens can enter the body more easily. This makes infection more likely.