Factors Affecting Decay Flashcards

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Name four main factors that affect the rate of decay.

Temperature, amount of oxygen, amount of water (moisture) and pH of the surroundings.

How does temperature affect the rate of decay?

Decay is fastest at warm temperatures. In the cold it is very slow, and at very high temperatures the decomposers’ enzymes stop working so decay slows down or stops.

Why does decay happen faster in moist conditions than in dry conditions?

Decomposers need water for their chemical reactions. In moist conditions they can grow and feed, but in dry conditions they cannot work well so decay is slower.

Why do most decomposers need oxygen for rapid decay?

Most decomposers respire aerobically. With plenty of oxygen they release lots of energy to grow and break down material quickly.

How does pH affect the rate of decay?

Most decomposers work best in neutral or slightly warm pH conditions. Very acidic or very alkaline conditions can slow decay because enzymes do not work well.

How does the number of decomposers present affect decay?

The more bacteria and fungi there are, the faster decay happens, because more organisms are breaking down the dead material at once.

Why do small pieces of dead material decay faster than large pieces?

Small pieces have a larger surface area for decomposers to attack. This means enzymes can reach more of the material, so it decays faster.

What conditions should a compost heap have to make waste decay quickly?

It should be warm, moist and have plenty of air (oxygen). The pH should not be too acidic or too alkaline.

Why does putting food in a fridge or freezer slow down decay?

Low temperatures slow down the activity of decomposers and their enzymes. This makes decay happen much more slowly.

Why does sealing food in airtight cans or packets help to prevent decay?

It keeps out oxygen and many decomposers. With little or no oxygen, most decomposers cannot respire and decay is very slow.

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