Genetic Engineering Tools (Restriction Enzymes and Ligase) Flashcards

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What is a restriction enzyme in genetic engineering?

A restriction enzyme is a protein that cuts DNA at specific base sequences.

Why are restriction enzymes useful in genetic engineering?

They can cut out a wanted gene or open up DNA so a new gene can be added at a known place.

What is meant by a 'specific sequence' or 'recognition site' for a restriction enzyme?

It is a short, exact order of bases in DNA where that enzyme will cut.

What are 'sticky ends' produced by some restriction enzymes?

Sticky ends are short, single-stranded overhangs of DNA bases left after cutting, which can pair with matching ends.

Why is the same restriction enzyme often used on both the gene and the vector DNA?

Using the same enzyme makes matching sticky ends, so the two pieces of DNA can join together.

What is DNA ligase?

DNA ligase is an enzyme that joins pieces of DNA together.

What does ligase do to the DNA after restriction enzymes have cut it?

Ligase seals the sugar-phosphate backbones, forming a continuous strand and fixing the gene into the DNA.

What is meant by recombinant DNA?

Recombinant DNA is DNA that contains a gene from another organism joined in by restriction enzymes and ligase.

In genetic engineering, what is the correct order of using restriction enzymes and ligase?

First use restriction enzymes to cut the DNA, then use ligase to join the pieces together.

How do restriction enzymes and ligase work together as tools in genetic engineering?

Restriction enzymes cut DNA to make useful ends, and ligase then joins the gene and vector DNA to make a new, complete DNA molecule.