Cancer Flashcards

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Note: We may include questions that have multiple correct answers. It's useful to remember specific examples to understand these concepts better.

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What is cancer?

Cancer is when body cells divide out of control and form a tumour.

A tumour is a lump of abnormal cells that grow too fast.

A benign tumour stays in one place and does not spread. A malignant tumour is cancerous and can spread to other parts of the body.

Malignant cells can break off from the first tumour and enter the blood. They can then start new tumours in other organs.

Cancer is non-communicable because you cannot catch it from another person. It is caused by changes inside body cells, not by microbes.

A risk factor is something that makes cancer more likely. It can be part of your lifestyle, environment, or genes.

Smoking and drinking a lot of alcohol. Other examples include poor diet, lack of exercise, or being very overweight.

UV radiation can damage the DNA in skin cells. This damage can make the cells grow out of control and become cancerous.

Some people inherit faulty genes from their parents. These genes raise the chance that their cells will turn into cancer cells.

A carcinogen is any substance that can cause cancer. It increases the chance that cells will become cancerous.

Doctors can remove tumours by surgery. They can also use radiotherapy or chemotherapy to kill cancer cells.

Cancer found early is often smaller and has not spread. It is easier to treat and the person is more likely to survive.