Non-Communicable Diseases and Risk Factors Flashcards

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What is a non-communicable disease?

A non-communicable disease is an illness that cannot be passed from one person to another.

How is a communicable disease different from a non-communicable disease?

A communicable disease is caused by pathogens and can spread between people, but a non-communicable disease cannot spread in this way.

Give two examples of non-communicable diseases.

Examples include cardiovascular disease, some cancers, and type 2 diabetes.

What is a risk factor for a disease?

A risk factor is anything that increases the chance of a person getting a disease.

Name three lifestyle risk factors that can increase the chance of non-communicable diseases.

Smoking, eating a poor diet, and not doing enough exercise are lifestyle risk factors.

How can smoking act as a risk factor for non-communicable disease?

Smoking can damage the heart and blood vessels and can lead to some cancers.

What is one environmental risk factor for non-communicable disease?

Ionising radiation, such as X-rays or nuclear radiation, can increase the risk of some cancers.

What is meant by a genetic risk factor?

A genetic risk factor is when inherited genes make a person more likely to develop a disease.

How can a high-fat, high-sugar diet be a risk factor for disease?

A high-fat, high-sugar diet can lead to obesity, which increases the risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.

What does it mean if there is a correlation between a risk factor and a disease?

It means they are linked in data, but the risk factor does not always prove it causes the disease.

How can non-communicable diseases affect a country’s economy?

They can increase health care costs and reduce the number of people who are fit to work.