Smoking and Lung Disease Flashcards

1️⃣ Familiarise yourself with the flashcards:

  • Look through all the flashcards to see what's on both sides.
  • Make sure you understand the information on each card. If something's unclear, click the link to the revision notes at the bottom of the page for more details.

2️⃣ Test yourself:

  • Look at the question or prompt on each card and try to remember the answer before flipping it over.
  • Check the answer and make a note of any cards you find challenging and need to go over more.

3️⃣ Consistently Review and Practice:

  • Use spaced repetition: spend more time on the cards you struggle with and go over them more often.
  • Regularly review all the flashcards to help you better understand and retain the information over time.

Note: We may include questions that have multiple correct answers. It's useful to remember specific examples to understand these concepts better.

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Name three harmful substances found in cigarette smoke.

Three harmful substances in cigarette smoke are tar, nicotine and carbon monoxide.

What are cilia in the breathing system and what is their job?

Cilia are tiny hairs that line the trachea and bronchi. They move mucus up and out of the lungs.

How does tar in cigarette smoke damage the lungs?

Tar coats the inside of the lungs and damages the cilia. This stops mucus being cleared and can lead to infection.

What is bronchitis and how can smoking cause it?

Bronchitis is inflammation of the bronchi in the lungs. Smoking can cause it because damaged cilia let mucus and germs build up, leading to infection and coughing.

What are alveoli and what is their function?

Alveoli are tiny air sacs in the lungs. They give a large surface area for gas exchange between air and blood.

How does smoking lead to emphysema?

Smoking can break down the walls of the alveoli. This reduces the surface area for gas exchange and causes emphysema, making breathing hard.

How does emphysema affect gas exchange in the lungs?

Emphysema reduces the number and surface area of alveoli. Less oxygen can enter the blood and less carbon dioxide can leave it.

Why does smoking increase the risk of lung cancer?

Tar in cigarette smoke contains carcinogens, which are chemicals that can cause cancer. They can make lung cells grow and divide out of control.

How does carbon monoxide in cigarette smoke affect the blood?

Carbon monoxide binds to haemoglobin in red blood cells. This reduces how much oxygen the blood can carry.

Overall, how does smoking make gas exchange in the lungs less efficient?

Smoking damages cilia, causes mucus build-up, destroys alveoli and adds carbon monoxide to the blood. All these changes mean less oxygen gets into the blood and less carbon dioxide is removed.

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