The Human Genome and Future Medicine Flashcards

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  • Make sure you understand the information on each card. If something's unclear, click the link to the revision notes at the bottom of the page for more details.

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Note: We may include questions that have multiple correct answers. It's useful to remember specific examples to understand these concepts better.

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What is meant by the human genome?

The human genome is the complete set of genetic material (all the DNA) in a human.

What was the main aim of the Human Genome Project?

Its aim was to find the order of bases in all human DNA and to identify all human genes.

How can genome information help doctors diagnose some diseases?

Doctors can look for faulty genes in a person’s DNA to see if they have a genetic disease.

What is a genetic test?

A genetic test is a test that examines a person’s DNA to check for certain genes or gene changes.

How can knowing someone’s genome help prevent non-communicable diseases?

If genes show higher risk, doctors can advise lifestyle changes and regular checks to lower that person’s chance of disease.

What is meant by personalised medicine?

Personalised medicine is treatment that is chosen or designed to suit a person’s own genes.

Why might personalised medicines work better than the same drug for everyone?

Because they are matched to a person’s genes, they are more likely to work well and cause fewer side effects.

How can genome research help scientists design new drugs?

It shows which proteins are involved in a disease, so drugs can be made to target those proteins.

How could knowledge of the genome help treat cancer in the future?

Doctors could match drugs to the exact gene changes in a person’s cancer cells to make treatment more effective.

What is one ethical concern about using people’s genome information?

It could be misused, for example by employers or insurance companies to unfairly treat people with higher genetic risk.