Crown Gall Flashcards

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What is crown gall disease?

Crown gall is a plant disease that causes swollen growths, called galls, usually where the stem meets the roots.

What type of pathogen causes crown gall disease?

Crown gall is caused by a bacterium called Agrobacterium tumefaciens.

Where on a plant do crown galls usually form, and what do they look like?

They usually form at the base of the stem or on roots. They are lumpy, rough, tumour-like swellings.

How does the crown gall bacterium enter a plant?

It enters through wounds in the plant, such as cuts, damage from tools, or bites from insects.

How does crown gall disease affect the health of a plant?

Large galls can squash the stem or roots, reducing the flow of water and minerals, so the plant grows poorly and may die.

How can crown gall spread between plants?

It can spread in infected soil, on dirty tools, in water, or on infected plant material like cuttings.

Why is crown gall more serious for young plants than for older plants?

Young plants have small stems and roots, so a gall can block them more easily, which can kill the plant.

How can gardeners help prevent crown gall disease?

They can use clean tools, avoid damaging plants, remove badly infected plants, and avoid planting healthy plants in infected soil.

What does the crown gall bacterium do to plant cells to make a gall form?

It puts some of its DNA into the plant cells, which makes them divide a lot and form a tumour-like growth.

How is the crown gall bacterium used in genetic engineering of plants?

Scientists remove the disease genes and use the bacterium to carry useful genes into plant cells to make GM plants.

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