The Three-domain Model Flashcards

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What is the three-domain model in classification?

It is a modern way to group all living things into three main domains based on their cells and genes.

What are the names of the three domains in the three-domain model?

The three domains are Bacteria, Archaea and Eukaryota.

Why did scientists move from the five-kingdom system to the three-domain model?

New evidence from genes and cell chemistry showed big differences between some microbes. So scientists split them into two domains, Bacteria and Archaea, instead of one kingdom.

How does the three-domain model improve on the old five-kingdom system?

It adds a higher level called domains above kingdoms. It also divides the old prokaryote group into two separate domains, Bacteria and Archaea.

What type of cells do organisms in the Bacteria domain have?

They have prokaryotic cells, which have no nucleus. Their cells often have walls made of a chemical called peptidoglycan.

What is special about organisms in the Archaea domain?

They are prokaryotes but their cell walls and membranes are different from bacteria. Many Archaea live in very hot, salty or acidic places.

What is a key feature of cells in the Eukaryota domain?

They have a nucleus that contains the cell's DNA. They also have other membrane-bound structures such as mitochondria.

Which main groups of organisms are found in the Eukaryota domain?

Animals, plants, fungi and many single-celled organisms, such as some algae, are all in the Eukaryota domain.

What kind of evidence do scientists use to place organisms into the three domains?

They compare the sequences of DNA and RNA in cells to see how closely related organisms are.

Which two domains contain only prokaryotic organisms?

Bacteria and Archaea are the two domains that contain only prokaryotes.

Which domain do humans belong to, and why?

Humans belong to the Eukaryota domain because our cells have a nucleus and other membrane-bound structures.