Human Chemical Defences Flashcards

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What is a human chemical defence against pathogens?

It is a substance made by the body that can kill or damage pathogens before they cause disease.

Why are human chemical defences described as non-specific?

Because they act against many different types of pathogen, not just one type.

Name two body fluids that contain the enzyme lysozyme.

Tears and saliva contain lysozyme; mucus does as well.

How does lysozyme help protect the body from infection?

Lysozyme breaks down the cell walls of bacteria, causing the bacteria to burst and die.

What acid in the stomach acts as a chemical defence?

Hydrochloric acid in the stomach acts as a chemical defence.

How does stomach acid help stop pathogens in food and drink?

The strong acid kills many pathogens that are swallowed with food and drink.

How do chemicals in mucus in the breathing system help protect the lungs?

Mucus contains enzymes and other chemicals that kill or damage pathogens before they reach the lungs.

How do chemicals in sweat and skin oil (sebum) act as defences?

They are slightly acidic and contain substances that slow or stop the growth of microbes on the skin.