Human Physical Defences Flashcards

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What is meant by a human physical defence against disease?

A physical defence is a body structure or barrier that stops pathogens (harmful microorganisms) getting inside.

How does the skin act as a barrier to pathogens?

Intact skin covers the whole body and forms a tough, unbroken barrier that most pathogens cannot get through.

Why is it important to keep cuts in the skin clean and covered?

Open cuts break the skin barrier, so cleaning and covering them helps stop pathogens entering and causing infection.

How do hairs and mucus in the nose help defend the body?

Nose hairs and sticky mucus trap dust and pathogens so they do not go deeper into the breathing system.

What is the role of mucus in the trachea and bronchi?

Cells in the trachea and bronchi make mucus, which traps pathogens and particles that are breathed in.

What do cilia in the airways do to help protect us?

Cilia are tiny hairs that move together to sweep mucus, with trapped pathogens, up towards the throat.

How do coughing and sneezing help protect against disease?

Coughing and sneezing force out air and mucus, which helps remove many pathogens from the nose and lungs.

How do eyelashes and blinking help defend the eyes?

Eyelashes catch dust and pathogens, and blinking wipes them off the eye surface to protect it from damage and infection.

How does the lining of organs like the lungs act as a defence?

Thin layers of cells line organs and form a physical barrier that helps stop pathogens passing into the tissues.

How does the flow of urine help protect the body from infection?

The flow of urine washes out many microbes from the urinary system before they can grow and cause infection.