The Microbiome and Protection Flashcards

1️⃣ Familiarise yourself with the flashcards:

  • Look through all the flashcards to see what's on both sides.
  • Make sure you understand the information on each card. If something's unclear, click the link to the revision notes at the bottom of the page for more details.

2️⃣ Test yourself:

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3️⃣ Consistently Review and Practice:

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Note: We may include questions that have multiple correct answers. It's useful to remember specific examples to understand these concepts better.

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What is the human microbiome?

The human microbiome is all the microorganisms that live in and on your body.

Name two places in the body where many helpful microbes live.

Many helpful microbes live on the skin and in the gut (intestines).

How are most microbes in your microbiome different from pathogens?

Most microbes in your microbiome are harmless or helpful, but pathogens cause disease.

How does the microbiome protect you by competition?

Microbes in your microbiome use up space and nutrients so pathogens cannot easily grow.

How can microbes in the microbiome directly harm pathogens?

Some microbes make substances that kill pathogens or stop them growing.

How does the gut microbiome help with digestion and health?

Gut microbes help break down food and can make some vitamins that your body needs.

How can the microbiome help your immune system?

The microbiome helps your immune system learn to tell harmless microbes from pathogens.

How can antibiotics affect the microbiome?

Antibiotics can kill helpful microbes as well as pathogens, which may upset the microbiome.

What can happen if the microbiome is badly disturbed?

You may be more likely to get infections or have digestive problems like diarrhoea.

How do babies first get their microbiome?

Babies pick up microbes from their mother during birth and from breast milk and touch.

How can diet affect the gut microbiome?

A varied diet with fibre helps support a healthy mix of gut microbes.

Why is the microbiome part of the body’s defence against disease?

It blocks pathogens by competing with them and by making substances that protect you.

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