How Evolutionary Theory Developed Flashcards

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In biology, what does the word 'evolution' mean?

It means that species change over many generations and new species can appear.

Before Darwin, what did many people think about how species formed?

They thought species had always existed as they were and did not change over time.

What was Lamarck's main idea about how organisms change?

He said organisms change during their life and pass these changes on to their offspring.

What was Darwin's main idea about how evolution happens?

He said that individuals with useful features survive and have more offspring, so those features spread.

How is Darwin's idea different from Lamarck's idea?

Darwin said you are born with useful features and pass them on, but Lamarck said features change because you use them and then pass on the changes.

Which two scientists are most linked with developing the theory of evolution by natural selection?

Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace.

How did Alfred Russel Wallace influence Darwin's work on evolution?

Wallace sent Darwin an essay with a similar idea, which pushed Darwin to publish his own book.

What is the title of Darwin's famous book on evolution, published in 1859?

It is called 'On the Origin of Species'.

Give two reasons why Darwin's theory was not accepted straight away.

There was little direct evidence and many people felt it went against their religious beliefs.

How did new fossil discoveries help support Darwin's theory of evolution?

They showed that many past species were different from living ones, so species must have changed over time.

How did the discovery of genes and DNA help support and develop Darwin's ideas?

It explained how traits are inherited and how changes in DNA can produce new variation for natural selection.

In science, what does the word 'theory' mean?

It means a well-tested explanation based on evidence, not just a guess or opinion.