Genetic Engineering Flashcards

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What is genetic engineering?

Genetic engineering is changing an organism's DNA to give it new features.

What is a genetically modified (GM) organism?

A GM organism has had its DNA changed by genetic engineering. This often uses a gene from another species.

What is a gene in genetic engineering?

A gene is a short part of DNA that tells a cell how to make one protein.

What is the main aim of genetic engineering?

The aim is to give an organism a useful new feature. For example, to make a medicine or improve a crop.

What is a vector in genetic engineering?

A vector is something that carries a wanted gene into a cell. It can be a plasmid or a virus.

Why are plasmids useful in genetic engineering?

Plasmids are small rings of DNA found in bacteria. They can carry new genes into bacteria in genetic engineering.

What are the main steps in engineering bacteria to make a protein?

The wanted gene is cut out of DNA and put into a vector. The vector is put into bacteria, which then make the protein.

Give one example of a product made by genetically engineered bacteria.

Bacteria can be engineered to make human insulin. This insulin is used to treat people with diabetes.

How can genetic engineering be used in crop plants?

Genes can be added to crops to make them resistant to pests or diseases. This can help give higher yields.

How is genetic engineering different from selective breeding?

Genetic engineering changes an organism's DNA directly, often using genes from another species. Selective breeding only chooses which organisms mate and does not change their DNA.

What do special enzymes do in genetic engineering?

They cut DNA at certain points and join pieces of DNA together.