Genome Sequencing Data Flashcards

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In biology, what is an organism's genome?

All of the DNA in that organism. It includes all of its genes.

What is meant by genome sequencing?

Working out the exact order of the DNA bases. This is done for the whole genome.

In genome sequencing data, which four DNA bases are recorded?

Adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C) and guanine (G).

What do scientists mean by genome sequencing data?

A complete list of DNA bases in order for a genome. It is stored as data on a computer.

Why do scientists need powerful computers to store and study genome sequencing data?

A genome has millions or billions of bases. This makes a huge amount of data that needs computers.

What was the main goal of the Human Genome Project?

To find the full DNA base order in the human genome. The project also shared this data with scientists.

How can genome sequencing data help scientists find genes in DNA?

They look for base patterns in the data. These patterns can show where genes start and end.

How can genome sequencing data help scientists work out which protein a gene codes for?

They read the bases in groups of three. Each group codes for one amino acid in the protein.

Why does knowing the full genome sequence not mean we understand everything about an organism?

We still do not know what many genes do. We also do not fully know how genes work together.

Why is it useful for genome sequencing data to be shared in online databases?

So scientists all over the world can use the same data. This helps them check ideas and find new ones faster.

How can genome sequencing data from two people be compared?

The two base sequences are lined up on a computer. Scientists then look for places where the bases match or differ.