Oestrogen and Progesterone Flashcards

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Where is the hormone oestrogen made in the body?

Oestrogen is made in the ovaries in females.

What is one main role of oestrogen at puberty in girls?

Oestrogen causes female secondary sexual characteristics, such as breast growth and wider hips. It also starts the menstrual cycle.

What does oestrogen do to the lining of the uterus after a period?

Oestrogen makes the lining of the uterus (womb) grow thicker and full of blood after a period.

Where is the hormone progesterone mainly made during the menstrual cycle?

Progesterone is mainly made in the ovaries after ovulation, by the part of the ovary that released the egg.

What is the main effect of progesterone on the uterus lining?

Progesterone keeps the uterus lining thick and ready for a fertilised egg to implant.

What happens to the uterus lining if progesterone levels fall and no egg is fertilised?

The uterus lining breaks down and is lost from the body as a menstrual period.

How do levels of oestrogen change just before ovulation?

Oestrogen levels rise to a peak just before ovulation, then fall again soon after the egg is released.

How does oestrogen help control the release of FSH and LH?

Oestrogen slows down the release of FSH. When oestrogen is very high, it triggers a surge in LH to cause ovulation.

How does progesterone help control the release of FSH and LH?

High progesterone levels stop the release of FSH and LH, so no more eggs mature or are released.

What happens to oestrogen and progesterone levels in pregnancy, and what is the effect?

In pregnancy, oestrogen and progesterone levels stay high. This keeps the uterus lining thick and stops new eggs being released.