Genome Sequencing and What It’s Used For Flashcards

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What is meant by an organism’s genome?

All the DNA in an organism, including all of its genes.

What is genome sequencing?

Finding the exact order of bases in all of an organism’s DNA.

Which four bases in DNA are read when a genome is sequenced?

Adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C) and guanine (G).

What was the main aim of the Human Genome Project?

To work out the full base sequence of all the DNA in the human genome.

How can genome sequencing help find the cause of inherited diseases?

It can show which changes in DNA are linked to a disease.

How can knowing a person’s genome help doctors predict disease risk?

It can show if they have gene versions (alleles) that increase their chance of some diseases.

How can genome sequencing help in developing new medicines?

It can identify proteins involved in a disease so drugs can be designed to target them.

What is meant by personalised medicine?

When doctors choose or design treatments based on a person’s genome.

How can genome sequencing help scientists study human evolution?

By comparing genomes from different groups of people to see how they are related and how they have changed over time.

Why might some people worry about genome sequencing of individuals?

They fear their genetic information could be shared or used to treat them unfairly.