Using Genome Databases to Compare DNA Flashcards

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Note: We may include questions that have multiple correct answers. It's useful to remember specific examples to understand these concepts better.

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What is a genome database?

A genome database is a large computer store of DNA sequences from many organisms.

In a genome database, what does a DNA sequence record show?

It shows the order of the bases A, T, C and G. This can be for part, or all, of an organism's DNA.

Why are computers needed to use genome databases?

Genomes are very long, so computers are needed to store, search and compare huge amounts of DNA data quickly and accurately.

What do scientists mean by 'comparing DNA' in a genome database?

They use software to line up two or more DNA sequences to find where the bases are the same and where they are different.

How can genome databases help find genes linked to a disease?

Scientists compare DNA from many people with the disease to DNA from healthy people. They look for DNA changes that appear only in the group with the disease.

How can genome databases be used to predict a person's risk of an inherited disorder?

A person's DNA sequence can be checked against the database for known disease-linked changes. This shows if they carry versions of genes that increase their risk.

How do genome databases show how closely related two species are?

Scientists compare their DNA sequences in the database. The more similar the sequences are, the more closely related the species are.

How can genome databases be used to study human evolution and migration?

Scientists compare genomes from people in different parts of the world and from ancient DNA. Shared patterns in the sequences show how human groups are related and how they moved.

How can genome databases help in developing new medicines?

Genome databases can show which genes and proteins are involved in a disease. This helps scientists design drugs that target those proteins, or choose the best drug for each patient.

What is one benefit of sharing genome databases worldwide?

Scientists all over the world can access the same DNA data. This makes research faster and helps new tests and treatments to be developed more quickly.

What is one concern about storing human genome data in databases?

There is a risk that personal genetic information could be seen or used by others, such as employers or insurance companies, without the person's consent.