Food Chains Flashcards

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What is a food chain?

A food chain is a diagram that shows how energy and nutrients pass from one living thing to another as they are eaten.

A producer is a plant or algae that makes its own food by photosynthesis and is at the start of a food chain.

Most food chains begin with a green plant or algae because they use light from the Sun to make food, which supplies energy to the rest of the chain.

A consumer is an animal that gets its energy by eating other living things, such as plants or other animals.

A primary consumer is the first animal in a food chain and eats producers, for example a caterpillar eating leaves.

A secondary consumer is an animal that eats primary consumers, for example a bird that eats caterpillars.

The arrows in a food chain show the direction of energy transfer, from the food to the animal that eats it.

A herbivore is an animal that only eats plants, so it is usually a primary consumer in a food chain.

A carnivore is an animal that eats other animals and can be a secondary or higher-level consumer in a food chain.

A predator is an animal that hunts and eats other animals, and the animals it eats are called its prey.