Interpreting Ecology Sampling Data Flashcards

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  • Make sure you understand the information on each card. If something's unclear, click the link to the revision notes at the bottom of the page for more details.

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Note: We may include questions that have multiple correct answers. It's useful to remember specific examples to understand these concepts better.

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In ecology, what is meant by a 'sample'?

A sample is a small part of a habitat or population that is studied to represent the whole.

How do you calculate the mean number of organisms per quadrat from your results?

Add up all the counts from each quadrat, then divide by the number of quadrats.

How can you use the mean number per quadrat to estimate the total number of a species in a habitat?

Estimate total number = mean per quadrat × (total area of the habitat ÷ area of one quadrat).

What does 'percentage cover' from quadrat data show about a plant species?

It shows what percentage of the ground area in the quadrat is covered by that plant. A higher percentage means more cover.

How can you tell from quadrat data which area has a higher population density of a species?

Compare the mean number per quadrat. The area with the higher mean has the higher population density.

How can sampling data help you decide which of two areas has higher biodiversity?

The area where more different species are recorded in the samples has the higher biodiversity.

What is an anomalous result in ecology sampling data, and what should you do with it?

It is a result that is very different from the others. You should check for mistakes and, if you can explain the error, leave it out when you calculate the mean.

Why does using more quadrats or more transects make your sampling results more reliable?

It gives you more data, which reduces the effect of chance and anomalous results, so your mean is more reliable.

What formula is used to estimate population size from mark–release–recapture data?

Population size is estimated as (number in first sample × number in second sample) ÷ number of marked individuals in the second sample.

Why are population sizes calculated from sampling data described as estimates rather than exact values?

Only part of the habitat is sampled and there is random variation, so the calculated value is an estimate, not a precise count.