Active Transport in the Body Flashcards

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What is active transport?

Active transport is the movement of particles from low to high concentration using energy.

How is active transport different from diffusion?

Diffusion moves particles from high to low concentration without energy; active transport moves them low to high using energy.

Why does active transport need energy?

It pushes particles against their concentration gradient, so cells must use energy from respiration.

Which cell structures release the energy needed for active transport?

Mitochondria release energy during respiration to power active transport.

What proteins in the cell membrane carry out active transport?

Carrier proteins in the cell membrane use energy to move specific particles.

In active transport, which way do particles move compared to their concentration gradient?

They move from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration.

How is active transport used in the small intestine?

Cells in the small intestine use active transport to move glucose and amino acids into the blood, even when their level is lower in the gut.

Why is active transport in the small intestine important for the body?

It makes sure useful nutrients are absorbed into the blood, even when their concentration in food is very low.

How is active transport used in the kidneys?

Kidney tubule cells use active transport to move glucose and some ions from the tubule fluid back into the blood.

Why do kidney tubule cells and gut lining cells have many mitochondria?

They carry out lots of active transport, so they need many mitochondria to release enough energy.