Mutations and Genetic Variation Flashcards

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What is a mutation in DNA?

A mutation is a change in the order of bases in DNA.

How can a mutation lead to genetic variation in a species?

It can change a gene to a new form, so some individuals are different.

Name two things that can cause mutations.

They can happen by chance, or be caused by radiation or some chemicals.

What is the difference between mutations in body cells and in sex cells?

Body cell mutations affect only that person. Sex cell mutations can be passed to children.

Do most mutations help, harm, or not affect an organism?

Most have no effect, some are harmful, and a few are helpful.

How can a mutation change a protein made in a cell?

It can change the amino acid order, so the protein shape and job may change.

What is genetic variation?

Genetic variation is differences between individuals caused by their genes.

What is environmental variation?

Environmental variation is differences caused by surroundings, like diet, climate or lifestyle.

How does sexual reproduction produce genetic variation?

Each offspring gets a mix of genes from two parents, so all are different.

Why is genetic variation important for a species?

It means some individuals may survive changes in the environment and pass on their genes.