How New Drugs Are Discovered and Tested Flashcards

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Why do scientists need to develop new drugs?

To treat new or changing diseases. Also to help when old drugs stop working and to reduce side effects.

Name two different sources of new drugs.

They can come from natural sources such as plants or micro-organisms. They can also be made and designed in laboratories.

What is meant by the discovery stage of drug development?

It is when scientists find or design a new substance. The substance might prevent or treat a disease.

What three key properties should a good new drug have?

It should be effective at treating the disease. It should be safe with few side effects and have a suitable dose.

Why must new drugs be tested before they are given to patients?

To check that they work. Also to find a safe dose and to look for harmful side effects.

In what order is a new drug usually tested?

First in the lab on cells and tissues. Then on live animals, and finally on humans.

What is preclinical testing?

Testing a new drug on cells, tissues and animals. This is done before it is tested on humans.

What is clinical testing?

Testing a new drug on healthy volunteers and patients. It checks its safety and how well it works.

Why are very small doses of a new drug used at the start of clinical testing?

To reduce the risk to people. It also helps doctors see how their bodies react to the drug.

What is meant by the dose of a drug?

The dose is the amount of drug given at one time. It can also mean the total amount given in one day.

Why can it take many years for a new drug to reach the market?

Because discovery, testing and checking the results all take a long time. They must also follow strict safety rules.

What happens after all the tests show that a new drug is safe and effective?

Experts and government bodies review the evidence. If they agree it is safe and effective, they approve the drug for use.