Choosing Conditions in Industrial Processes Flashcards

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In chemistry, what is meant by an industrial process?

A large-scale chemical reaction used to make useful products in factories.

What does the yield of a reaction tell you in an industrial process?

It tells you how much product is made compared with the maximum possible amount.

Why do companies want a high rate of reaction in an industrial process?

So that products are made quickly, which increases output and profit.

Why might the conditions that give the highest possible yield not always be used in industry?

They may make the reaction too slow, too expensive, or unsafe to run.

What is meant by a compromise temperature in an industrial reaction?

A temperature chosen to give a reasonable yield in a reasonable time, without very high energy costs.

Why is very high pressure not always used, even if it can increase yield?

High pressure needs strong, costly equipment and can be more dangerous to run.

How does using a catalyst help when choosing conditions for an industrial process?

It speeds up the reaction so a lower temperature can be used, saving energy and money.

Why is energy cost an important factor when choosing the temperature for a process?

Higher temperatures need more fuel or electricity, which costs money and can increase pollution.

Why do many industrial plants recycle unreacted reactants?

To increase the overall yield, reduce waste, and cut costs.

Name three factors that are balanced when choosing conditions in an industrial process.

Rate of reaction, yield of product, and the cost and safety of running the process.

How can choosing milder (less extreme) conditions help the environment?

Milder conditions use less energy, so less fossil fuel is burned and fewer greenhouse gases are released.