Industrial Production of Fertilisers Flashcards

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What is meant by the industrial production of fertilisers?

It means making fertilisers in large factories, using machines and controlled chemical reactions to produce many tonnes.

Which chemical from the Haber process is a key starting material for many fertilisers?

Ammonia is the key starting material for many fertilisers.

What type of reaction is used when ammonia reacts with an acid to make a fertiliser salt?

It is a neutralisation reaction, where an acid reacts with an alkali to make a salt and water.

How is ammonium nitrate fertiliser made industrially in simple steps?

Ammonia is reacted with nitric acid to make a solution of ammonium nitrate, then water is removed to leave a concentrated solution or solid.

How is the nitric acid for making ammonium nitrate produced in industry?

Nitric acid is made by oxidising ammonia with oxygen from the air in a series of reactions.

Why must the reaction between ammonia and nitric acid be carefully controlled in factories?

The reaction is very exothermic and ammonium nitrate can be dangerous at high temperatures, so it is controlled for safety and product quality.

How does industrial production of fertilisers differ from making them in the school lab?

In industry the process is continuous, uses large amounts of concentrated chemicals, and is automated, while in the lab it is small scale and done in batches by hand.

What is a continuous process in fertiliser production?

It is a process where reactants are fed in and product comes out all the time, instead of making separate small batches.

How is the heat from neutralisation reactions used in fertiliser factories?

The heat released is used to evaporate water from fertiliser solutions, which saves extra energy.

Why is water removed from fertiliser solutions before they are sold?

Removing water makes a solid fertiliser that is easier to store, transport and spread on fields.

Why are solid fertilisers often made into small granules or pellets in industry?

Granules or pellets flow easily and spread evenly over fields, so plants receive a more even supply of nutrients.