Functional Groups and Homologous Series Flashcards

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What is a functional group in an organic molecule?

It is the atom or group of atoms that gives the molecule its main chemical reactions.

What is the functional group in an alkene?

A carbon–carbon double bond, written as C=C.

What is the functional group in an alcohol?

The hydroxyl group, written as –OH.

What is the functional group in a carboxylic acid?

The carboxyl group, written as –COOH.

What is meant by a homologous series in organic chemistry?

A family of organic compounds with the same functional group and the same general formula.

How does each member of a homologous series differ from the next one?

Each one differs by one –CH2– unit in the carbon chain.

Give two features that all members of the same homologous series share.

They have the same functional group and show similar chemical reactions.

In a homologous series, what happens to the boiling point as the number of carbon atoms increases?

The boiling point increases as the chain gets longer.

What is meant by the general formula of a homologous series?

It is a formula that shows the pattern for the numbers of atoms in all members of that series.

What is the general formula for alkanes?

CnH2n+2, where n is the number of carbon atoms.

What is the general formula for alkenes with one C=C bond?

CnH2n, where n is the number of carbon atoms.