Natural Polymers Including DNA Flashcards

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What is a natural polymer?

A natural polymer is a large molecule made in living things from many small repeating units.

Give two examples of natural polymers found in plants or animals.

Starch and cellulose in plants, and proteins and DNA in living things, are examples of natural polymers.

What small molecules join together to form proteins?

Amino acids join together in long chains to form proteins.

What type of reaction links amino acids into a protein chain?

A condensation reaction links amino acids, forming a polymer and releasing water.

What are the smaller units that make up starch and cellulose?

Starch and cellulose are polymers made from many sugar molecules such as glucose.

What does DNA stand for and what is its main job?

DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid and it carries genetic information for an organism.

Why is DNA described as a polymer?

DNA is a polymer because it is made from many small repeating units joined in a long chain.

What is the overall shape of a DNA molecule?

A DNA molecule has two strands that coil around each other to form a double helix.

What are the small units that make up DNA called, and what three parts do they contain?

They are called nucleotides, and each contains a sugar, a phosphate group and a base.

Name the four bases found in DNA.

The four bases in DNA are adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C) and guanine (G).

Which bases pair together in DNA?

In DNA, adenine pairs with thymine, and cytosine pairs with guanine.

How does the order of bases along a DNA strand act as a code?

The order of bases gives a sequence of instructions that tells a cell which proteins to make.