Forces Between Particles Flashcards

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What are forces between particles?

They are forces of attraction that pull particles towards each other and help hold a substance together.

How do the forces between particles compare in a solid, a liquid and a gas?

Forces are strong in a solid, weaker in a liquid and very weak (almost none) in a gas.

Why do particles in a solid only vibrate in fixed positions?

Strong forces between the particles hold them in fixed positions, so they can only vibrate on the spot.

Why can a liquid flow but keep the same volume?

The forces between particles are strong enough to keep them close, but weak enough to let them move past each other.

Why do gas particles spread out to fill the whole container?

The forces between gas particles are very weak, so they move freely and spread out to fill all the space.

Why can a gas be compressed much more than a solid or a liquid?

Gas particles are far apart and the forces between them are very weak, so they can be pushed closer together.

What must happen to the forces between particles when a solid melts?

Energy is supplied to weaken and partly overcome the forces so particles can move around each other.

What must happen to the forces between particles when a liquid boils to form a gas?

Enough energy is given to fully overcome the forces so particles can escape and move far apart.

Why are solids and liquids hard to compress?

Their particles are already very close together and the forces between them resist being pushed closer.

What name is often given to forces between molecules?

They are called intermolecular forces, meaning forces between separate molecules.