Distillation (PAG C4) Flashcards

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Note: We may include questions that have multiple correct answers. It's useful to remember specific examples to understand these concepts better.

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What is distillation?

Distillation is a way to separate a liquid from a mixture by boiling it and condensing the steam.

In the distillation of salty water, which part is collected, and why?

Pure water is collected because it boils and turns to steam, while the salt does not evaporate.

Name two pieces of apparatus used in a simple distillation set-up.

Two examples are a distillation flask and a condenser.

What is the function of the condenser in distillation?

The condenser cools the hot steam so it turns back into a liquid that we can collect.

Why is a thermometer placed at the top of the distillation flask?

It measures the temperature of the vapour, so you know which liquid is boiling.

What happens to the salt left behind when salt water is distilled?

The salt stays in the flask and becomes more concentrated, or forms solid crystals.

Why is distillation useful for making drinking water in this practical?

It removes dissolved salts from seawater or salty water, giving pure water.

How can you test if the distillate from salt water is pure water?

Evaporate a few drops on a watch glass; if no crystals form, it is pure water.

Why is cold water run through the outer jacket of the condenser?

The cold water keeps the condenser cool, so the steam inside can condense to a liquid.

Give one safety precaution you must follow when heating a distillation flask.

Wear safety goggles and heat the flask gently so the liquid does not boil over.