Separation Techniques (PAG C3) Flashcards

1️⃣ Familiarise yourself with the flashcards:

  • Look through all the flashcards to see what's on both sides.
  • Make sure you understand the information on each card. If something's unclear, click the link to the revision notes at the bottom of the page for more details.

2️⃣ Test yourself:

  • Look at the question or prompt on each card and try to remember the answer before flipping it over.
  • Check the answer and make a note of any cards you find challenging and need to go over more.

3️⃣ Consistently Review and Practice:

  • Use spaced repetition: spend more time on the cards you struggle with and go over them more often.
  • Regularly review all the flashcards to help you better understand and retain the information over time.

Note: We may include questions that have multiple correct answers. It's useful to remember specific examples to understand these concepts better.

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What is a mixture in chemistry?

A mixture is two or more substances that are together but not chemically joined, so they can be separated.

What does filtration separate?

Filtration separates an insoluble solid from a liquid, for example sand from water.

In filtration, what is the filtrate and what is the residue?

The filtrate is the liquid that passes through the filter paper, and the residue is the solid left on the filter paper.

What equipment do you need for filtration?

You need filter paper, a funnel, a beaker or conical flask, and the mixture of solid and liquid.

How can you get a soluble solid from a solution using evaporation?

You gently heat the solution so the solvent evaporates, leaving the solid behind.

Why is crystallisation often better than heating to complete dryness?

Crystallisation forms larger, pure crystals and reduces the chance of the solid breaking down when overheated.

Describe how to separate a mixture of sand and salt.

Add water to dissolve the salt, filter to remove the sand, then evaporate the water from the salt solution to get solid salt.

What is chromatography used for?

Chromatography is used to separate and identify substances in a mixture, such as different dyes in ink.

In paper chromatography, what are the mobile phase and the stationary phase?

The mobile phase is the solvent that moves up the paper, and the stationary phase is the paper itself.

Why must the start line in paper chromatography be drawn in pencil, not pen?

Pencil does not dissolve in the solvent, but pen ink might dissolve and interfere with the results.

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