Filtration, Evaporation and Crystallisation Flashcards

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What is filtration in chemistry?

Filtration is a method used to separate an insoluble solid from a liquid by pouring the mixture through filter paper.

What type of mixture can be separated using filtration?

Filtration can separate an insoluble solid, like sand, from a liquid, like water.

In filtration, what is the name of the solid left on the filter paper?

The solid left on the filter paper is called the residue.

In filtration, what is the name of the liquid that passes through the filter paper?

The liquid that passes through the filter paper is called the filtrate.

What pieces of equipment are commonly used for filtration?

Filtration usually uses a filter funnel, filter paper and a beaker or conical flask to collect the filtrate.

What is evaporation in separation techniques?

Evaporation is heating a solution so that the solvent turns into a gas, leaving the dissolved solid behind.

When would you use evaporation in the lab?

You use evaporation when you want to get a dissolved solid, like salt, from a solution and you do not need to keep the solvent.

Why is strong heating (evaporation to dryness) not always suitable for all dissolved solids?

Some dissolved solids break down or burn when heated strongly, so evaporation to dryness can damage them.

What is crystallisation?

Crystallisation is a method used to get pure solid crystals from a solution by making it concentrated and then letting crystals form.

How do you carry out crystallisation of a dissolved solid?

You heat the solution to make it more concentrated, stop heating when some solvent has gone, let it cool so crystals form, then filter and dry the crystals.

What is a saturated solution and why is it important in crystallisation?

A saturated solution holds as much solute as it can at that temperature. It is important because crystals form when a hot saturated solution is cooled.

How is crystallisation different from simple evaporation to dryness?

In crystallisation you partly evaporate the solvent and then cool the solution to grow crystals, while in evaporation to dryness you keep heating until all the solvent is gone and no crystals have time to grow.

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