Fractional Distillation Flashcards

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What is fractional distillation?

u003cdiv style=u0022display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; height: 45vh; text-align: center; font-size: 20px;u0022u003eu003cspan style=u0022color: #000000;u0022u003eFractional distillation is a method to separate a mixture of liquids with different boiling points.u003c/spanu003eu003c/divu003e

When would you choose fractional distillation instead of simple distillation?

u003cdiv style=u0022display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; height: 45vh; text-align: center; font-size: 20px;u0022u003eu003cspan style=u0022color: #000000;u0022u003eYou use fractional distillation when liquids are mixed and have boiling points that are close together.u003c/spanu003eu003c/divu003e

What type of mixtures can be separated by fractional distillation?

u003cdiv style=u0022display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; height: 45vh; text-align: center; font-size: 20px;u0022u003eu003cspan style=u0022color: #000000;u0022u003eFractional distillation separates miscible liquids, which mix fully, that have different boiling points.u003c/spanu003eu003c/divu003e

What is the purpose of the fractionating column in fractional distillation?

u003cdiv style=u0022display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; height: 45vh; text-align: center; font-size: 20px;u0022u003eu003cspan style=u0022color: #000000;u0022u003eThe fractionating column gives a large surface for vapours to condense and evaporate many times, improving separation.u003c/spanu003eu003c/divu003e

Why is there a temperature gradient in a fractionating column?

u003cdiv style=u0022display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; height: 45vh; text-align: center; font-size: 20px;u0022u003eu003cspan style=u0022color: #000000;u0022u003eThe column is hot at the bottom and cooler at the top so different liquids condense at different heights.u003c/spanu003eu003c/divu003e

Why does the liquid with the lowest boiling point distil over first?

u003cdiv style=u0022display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; height: 45vh; text-align: center; font-size: 20px;u0022u003eu003cspan style=u0022color: #000000;u0022u003eIt turns into a gas at a lower temperature, so it reaches the condenser and is collected first.u003c/spanu003eu003c/divu003e

Why is a thermometer used at the top of the fractionating column?

u003cdiv style=u0022display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; height: 45vh; text-align: center; font-size: 20px;u0022u003eu003cspan style=u0022color: #000000;u0022u003eThe thermometer shows the temperature so you can tell which liquid is boiling and being collected.u003c/spanu003eu003c/divu003e

What is meant by a u0026quot;fractionu0026quot; in fractional distillation?

u003cdiv style=u0022display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; height: 45vh; text-align: center; font-size: 20px;u0022u003eu003cspan style=u0022color: #000000;u0022u003eA fraction is a part of the mixture that boils and is collected over a certain temperature range.u003c/spanu003eu003c/divu003e

Briefly describe the main steps in fractional distillation of two liquids.

u003cdiv style=u0022display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; height: 45vh; text-align: center; font-size: 20px;u0022u003eu003cspan style=u0022color: #000000;u0022u003eHeat the mixture, vapours rise up the column, liquids separate by boiling point, then condense and are collected.u003c/spanu003eu003c/divu003e

How is fractional distillation used with crude oil in industry?

u003cdiv style=u0022display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; height: 45vh; text-align: center; font-size: 20px;u0022u003eu003cspan style=u0022color: #000000;u0022u003eCrude oil is heated and passed into a tall fractionating column to separate it into useful fuel fractions.u003c/spanu003eu003c/divu003e

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