Tests for Anions (Precipitation Tests) Flashcards

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What is an anion?

An anion is a negatively charged ion, formed when an atom gains electrons.

What is a precipitation reaction?

A precipitation reaction is when two solutions react to make an insoluble solid, called a precipitate.

Which solutions are added to test for halide ions (chloride, bromide, iodide) in a solution?

You first add dilute nitric acid, then add silver nitrate solution.

What colour precipitate shows chloride ions are present in the silver nitrate test?

A white precipitate of silver chloride shows chloride ions are present.

What colour precipitate shows bromide ions are present in the silver nitrate test?

A cream precipitate of silver bromide shows bromide ions are present.

What colour precipitate shows iodide ions are present in the silver nitrate test?

A yellow precipitate of silver iodide shows iodide ions are present.

Which solutions are used to test for sulfate ions in a solution?

You add dilute hydrochloric acid, then barium chloride solution.

What observation shows sulfate ions are present in the barium chloride test?

A white precipitate of barium sulfate forms if sulfate ions are present.

Why is dilute nitric acid added before silver nitrate in the halide test?

It reacts with and removes carbonate ions that could also form a precipitate with silver ions.

Why is dilute hydrochloric acid added before barium chloride in the sulfate test?

It reacts with and removes carbonate ions so they do not make a white precipitate as well.