Ionic Bonding and Properties Flashcards

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What is an ion?

An ion is an atom or group of atoms that has an electric charge because it has lost or gained electrons.

Why do atoms form ions?

Atoms form ions to get a full outer shell of electrons. This makes them more stable, like a noble gas.

How does a metal atom become a positive ion?

A metal atom loses one or more electrons. It then has more protons than electrons and becomes a positive ion.

How does a non-metal atom become a negative ion?

A non-metal atom gains one or more electrons. It then has more electrons than protons and becomes a negative ion.

What is an ionic bond?

An ionic bond is the strong attraction (electrostatic force) between positive ions and negative ions.

Which types of elements usually react together to form ionic compounds?

Ionic compounds usually form when metals react with non-metals.

What is the structure of an ionic compound like?

Ionic compounds have a giant lattice. This is a regular 3D arrangement of positive and negative ions.

Why do ionic compounds have high melting points?

The ions in the lattice are held together by strong forces. A lot of energy is needed to overcome these forces, so the melting point is high.

Do ionic compounds conduct electricity when solid? Explain your answer.

No. In a solid ionic compound, the ions are fixed in place and cannot move, so they cannot carry charge.

Do ionic compounds conduct electricity when molten or dissolved in water? Explain your answer.

Yes. When molten or dissolved, the ions are free to move and can carry charge, so the substance conducts electricity.

Are many ionic compounds soluble in water, and what does soluble mean?

Yes, many ionic compounds are soluble in water. Soluble means they can dissolve in water to form a solution of free ions.

What charges do group 1 metals and group 7 non-metals usually have in ionic compounds?

Group 1 metals usually form ions with a charge of +1. Group 7 non-metals usually form ions with a charge of -1.