Hydrocarbons and Fuels Flashcards

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Note: We may include questions that have multiple correct answers. It's useful to remember specific examples to understand these concepts better.

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What is a hydrocarbon?

A compound made only from hydrogen and carbon atoms.

Where do most of the hydrocarbons we use as fuels come from?

They come from crude oil. Crude oil is a fossil fuel formed from dead sea organisms over millions of years.

In chemistry, what do we mean by a fuel?

A fuel is a substance that stores energy. It releases heat energy when it burns in oxygen.

Give three examples of hydrocarbon fuels used in homes or transport.

Examples include methane (natural gas), petrol and diesel.

What happens during complete combustion of a hydrocarbon fuel?

The fuel reacts with plenty of oxygen. It forms carbon dioxide and water and releases energy.

Write the word equation for the complete combustion of methane.

methane + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water

What is incomplete combustion of a hydrocarbon?

It is burning in too little oxygen. It makes carbon monoxide and/or soot (solid carbon), as well as water and less carbon dioxide.

Why is carbon monoxide dangerous?

It is a toxic gas that has no smell or colour. It stops the blood carrying enough oxygen around the body.

How does hydrocarbon chain length affect how easily it burns as a fuel?

Short-chain hydrocarbons ignite easily and burn with a clean flame. Long-chain hydrocarbons ignite less easily and often burn with a smoky flame.

How does burning hydrocarbon fuels contribute to climate change?

Burning hydrocarbon fuels produces carbon dioxide gas. Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas that helps to cause global warming.