Making Chemicals on an Industrial Scale Flashcards

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What does it mean to make a chemical on an industrial scale?

It means making very large amounts of a chemical, often many tonnes, in a factory instead of a small lab.

To produce enough product to meet demand and to make profit by lowering the cost per unit made.

Yield is the amount of product made in a reaction compared with the maximum amount that could be made.

A high yield gives more product from the same reactants, so there is less waste and more profit.

The rate of a reaction is how fast reactants are turned into products.

If it is too slow, not enough product is made; if it is too fast, it can be unsafe and hard to control.

Increasing temperature makes particles move faster, so reactions go faster, but it needs more energy and costs more.

Higher pressure pushes gas particles closer, so they collide more often and react faster, but strong, costly equipment is needed.

A catalyst speeds up a reaction without being used up, so the factory can use lower temperatures and save energy.

They consider the yield and rate of reaction, and also costs, safety and effects on the environment.