The Haber Process and Making Ammonia Flashcards

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What is ammonia, and what is its chemical formula?

Ammonia is a colourless gas used in industry. Its formula is NH3.

Why is ammonia important in industry?

It is used to make fertilisers and many other useful chemicals.

What are the two reactant gases in the Haber process?

Nitrogen gas and hydrogen gas react together in the Haber process.

Where does the nitrogen for the Haber process come from?

Nitrogen is obtained from the air, which is about 78% nitrogen.

Where does the hydrogen for the Haber process usually come from?

Hydrogen is usually made from natural gas, such as methane, in chemical reactions.

Write the balanced symbol equation for the Haber process.

N2 + 3H2 ⇌ 2NH3

What does the reversible reaction symbol ⇌ mean in the Haber process equation?

It shows the reaction can go both ways, making and breaking ammonia.

In the Haber process, is the forward reaction to make ammonia exothermic or endothermic?

It is exothermic, so it gives out heat energy.

What temperature is used in the Haber process, and why is it called a compromise temperature?

About 450 °C. Lower temperatures give more ammonia but are slow. Higher ones are faster but give less ammonia.

What pressure is used in the Haber process, and why is high pressure chosen?

About 200 atmospheres, about 200 times normal air pressure. High pressure increases the yield of ammonia, but very high pressure is costly and less safe.

What catalyst is used in the Haber process, and what does a catalyst do?

An iron catalyst is used. It speeds up the reaction but is not used up.

Why does the Haber process never produce 100% ammonia from the reactant gases?

Because the reaction is reversible, it reaches a balance, so not all reactants change into ammonia.