Changes of State Flashcards

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What is meant by a change of state?

A change of state is when a substance changes between solid, liquid and gas without becoming a new substance.

What is melting?

Melting is the change of state from a solid to a liquid when a substance is heated to its melting point.

What is freezing?

Freezing is the change of state from a liquid to a solid when a substance is cooled to its freezing point.

What is boiling?

Boiling is the change of state from a liquid to a gas that happens throughout the liquid at a fixed temperature called the boiling point.

What is evaporation and how is it different from boiling?

Evaporation is a liquid changing to a gas only at the surface and can happen at any temperature, while boiling happens throughout the liquid at its boiling point.

What is condensation?

Condensation is the change of state from a gas to a liquid when the gas is cooled.

What is sublimation?

Sublimation is when a solid changes straight to a gas without becoming a liquid first, for example dry ice turning to carbon dioxide gas.

What happens to the particles when a solid melts?

The particles gain energy, vibrate more, break free from their fixed positions and can move past each other so the solid becomes a liquid.

What happens to the particles when a liquid boils?

The particles gain energy, move faster, spread out and fully break away from each other to form a gas that fills its container.

Are changes of state physical or chemical changes, and why?

Changes of state are physical changes because no new substance is made and the change is reversible.

Why can the temperature stay constant while a pure substance is melting or boiling?

The energy taken in is used to overcome the forces between particles rather than to make the particles move faster, so the temperature does not rise during the change of state.

Revision Notes
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