Distillation (PAG C4) Flashcards

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Note: We may include questions that have multiple correct answers. It's useful to remember specific examples to understand these concepts better.

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What is distillation?

Distillation is a way to separate liquids, or a liquid from a solution, by boiling it and then cooling the vapour to make a pure liquid.

Why does distillation work?

Distillation works because different substances have different boiling points, so one part boils and evaporates first.

Name two pieces of equipment used to carry out simple distillation.

Two pieces of equipment are a round-bottom or boiling flask and a condenser.

In simple distillation of salty water, what do you collect in the receiving beaker?

You collect pure water, which has been boiled, cooled and condensed.

What is meant by the term ‘distillate’ in distillation?

The distillate is the liquid that has evaporated, passed through the condenser and been collected.

What is left behind in the flask when you distil salty water?

The salt is left behind in the flask, as it does not evaporate at the boiling point of water.

How is the condenser kept cool during distillation?

Cold water is run through the outer jacket of the condenser to cool the vapour and turn it back into liquid.

Where should the thermometer bulb be placed in a distillation set-up?

The thermometer bulb should be placed at the top of the flask, near the entrance to the condenser, to measure the vapour temperature.

When would you use fractional distillation instead of simple distillation?

You use fractional distillation to separate a mixture of liquids that have boiling points that are quite close together.

Give one safety precaution you should take when doing a distillation practical.

You should clamp the apparatus securely and keep naked flames away from flammable liquids to reduce the risk of spills and fires.

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