Making Salts (PAG C7) Flashcards

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In chemistry, what is a salt?

A salt is a compound made when the hydrogen in an acid is replaced by a metal or ammonium ion.

What is the word equation for the reaction between an acid and a metal oxide?

Acid + metal oxide → salt + water.

What is the word equation for the reaction between an acid and a metal carbonate?

Acid + metal carbonate → salt + water + carbon dioxide.

Why do we add excess insoluble base, such as copper oxide, when making a soluble salt from an acid?

We add excess base so that all the acid reacts and no acid is left in the final salt solution.

Why is the acid usually warmed before adding the insoluble base when making a salt?

Warming the acid speeds up the reaction and helps more of the salt dissolve.

Why do we filter the mixture after reacting an acid with an insoluble base?

We filter to remove the unreacted solid base, leaving a solution that contains only the dissolved salt and water.

After filtering the salt solution, what do we do to get crystals of the salt?

We gently heat the solution to evaporate some water, then leave it to cool so salt crystals can form.

How can we dry salt crystals to get a pure, dry sample?

We remove the crystals with a spatula, then blot them with filter paper and leave them to dry in a warm place.

What is meant by a precipitation reaction when making salts?

It is a reaction where two solutions react to form an insoluble solid called a precipitate.

How do we separate an insoluble salt made in a precipitation reaction from the mixture?

We filter the mixture to collect the solid, wash it with distilled water, then leave it to dry.

Name one safety precaution you should take when heating acids to make salts.

Wear safety goggles and heat the acid gently to avoid splashing and boiling over.

What visible sign shows that a reaction between an acid and a metal carbonate has finished when making a salt?

Bubbles of carbon dioxide gas stop forming, so there is no more fizzing.