Filtration and Crystallisation Flashcards

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What does filtration do to a mixture?

Filtration separates an insoluble solid from a liquid.

Name two pieces of equipment needed to carry out filtration.

You need a filter funnel and filter paper.

In filtration, what name is given to the solid left on the filter paper?

The solid left on the filter paper is called the residue.

In filtration, what name is given to the liquid that passes through the filter paper?

The liquid that passes through is called the filtrate.

What does crystallisation do to a solution?

Crystallisation separates a dissolved solid from a solution by forming solid crystals.

Why is the solution usually heated during crystallisation?

It is heated to evaporate some of the solvent so the solution becomes more concentrated.

What is a saturated solution?

A saturated solution is one that cannot dissolve any more solute at that temperature.

Why are crystals often formed by cooling a hot concentrated solution rather than boiling all the liquid away?

Cooling a concentrated solution gives solid crystals, while boiling all the liquid away can leave a powder and may break down the solid.

How can you dry crystals after crystallisation?

You can filter them from the liquid, then dab them with filter paper and leave them to dry in a warm place.

How could you separate a mixture of sand and salty water using filtration and crystallisation?

First filter to remove the sand as residue, then heat and cool the filtrate to crystallise the salt.

Revision Notes
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