Filtration in the Kidneys Flashcards

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What is the main job of kidney filtration?

To remove waste and extra water from the blood to help form urine.

What are the tiny filtering units in the kidney called?

They are called nephrons.

In which part of the nephron does blood filtration first happen?

It first happens in the glomerulus and Bowman’s capsule in the cortex of the kidney.

How does blood arrive at the kidney ready to be filtered?

Blood arrives through the renal artery at high pressure from the heart.

Why can small molecules leave the blood in the glomerulus?

Because the capillary walls are thin and the blood pressure is high.

Name three substances that are forced out of the blood during kidney filtration.

Water, urea, and small dissolved substances such as glucose and mineral ions.

Name two things that are too large to pass through the kidney filter.

Blood cells and large proteins are too large and stay in the blood.

What is the liquid produced after filtration in the kidney called?

It is called the filtrate and it collects in Bowman’s capsule.

What does the term ‘ultrafiltration’ mean in the kidneys?

It means very fine filtration of the blood under high pressure in the glomerulus.

How is kidney filtration different from selective reabsorption?

Filtration first removes many small molecules from the blood; selective reabsorption later takes useful ones back into the blood.